Ukuhlola Umehluko Phakathi kwe-ONU, ONT, SFU, ne-HGU.

Uma kukhulunywa ngemishini eseceleni komsebenzisi ekufinyeleleni i-broadband fiber, sivamise ukubona amagama esiNgisi afana ne-ONU, ONT, SFU, kanye ne-HGU. Asho ukuthini la magama? Uyini umehluko?

1. Ama-ONU kanye nama-ONT

Izinhlobo zokusebenza eziyinhloko zokufinyelela kwe-broadband optical fiber zihlanganisa: FTTH, FTTO, ne-FTTB, futhi amafomu emishini eseceleni komsebenzisi ahlukile ngaphansi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zohlelo. Imishini eseceleni yomsebenzisi ye-FTTH kanye ne-FTTO isetshenziswa umsebenzisi oyedwa, ebizwa nge-ONT (Optical network terminal, optical network terminal), futhi okokusebenza okuseceleni komsebenzisi kwe-FTTB kwabelwa abasebenzisi abaningi, okubizwa nge-ONU (Optical Network Unit, optical iyunithi yenethiwekhi).

Umsebenzisi oshiwo lapha ubhekisele kumsebenzisi okhokhiswa ngokuzimela isisebenzisi, hhayi inombolo yamatheminali asetshenzisiwe. Isibonelo, i-ONT ye-FTTH ngokuvamile yabelwa amatheminali amaningi ekhaya, kodwa umsebenzisi oyedwa kuphela ongabalwa.

2. Izinhlobo ze-ONT

ONTyilokho esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi imodemu yokubona, ehlukaniswe yaba i-SFU (Iyunithi Yomndeni Oyedwa, iyunithi yomsebenzisi womndeni owodwa), i-HGU (Iyunithi Yesango Lasekhaya, iyunithi yesango lasekhaya) kanye ne-SBU (Iyunithi Yebhizinisi Elilodwa, iyunithi yomsebenzisi webhizinisi elilodwa).

2.1. I-SFU

I-SFU ngokuvamile inokuxhumana kwe-Ethernet okungu-1 kuya kwezi-4, ukuxhumana ngocingo okugxilile oku-1 kuya kwezingu-2, futhi amanye amamodeli abuye abe nezixhumanisi ze-TV zekhebula. I-SFU ayinawo umsebenzi wesango lasekhaya, futhi ukuphela kwetheminali exhunywe embobeni ye-Ethernet kuphela engadayela ukuze ifinyelele ku-inthanethi, futhi umsebenzi wokuphatha kude awunamandla. Imodemu yokubona esetshenziswe ekuqaleni kwe-FTTH ingeye-SFU, engavamile ukusetshenziswa manje.

2.2. Ama-HGU

Amamodemu okubona afakwe abasebenzisi be-FTTH avulwe eminyakeni yamuva nje wonke ayi-HGU. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-SFU, i-HGU inezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

(1) I-HGU iyisisetshenziswa sesango, esilungele ukuxhumana kwasekhaya; kuyilapho i-SFU iyithuluzi lokudlulisela elibonisa ngale, elingenawo amandla esango, futhi ngokuvamile lidinga ukubambisana kwamadivayisi angena esangweni njengamarutha asekhaya ekuxhumekeni kwasekhaya.

(2) I-HGU isekela imodi yomzila futhi inomsebenzi we-NAT, okuyidivayisi engungqimba-3; kuyilapho uhlobo lwe-SFU lusekela kuphela imodi yebhuloho ye-layer-2, elingana nokushintshwa kongqimba-2.

(3) I-HGU ingasebenzisa uhlelo lwayo lokudayela nge-broadband, futhi amakhompyutha axhunyiwe namatheminali eselula angangena ngokuqondile ku-inthanethi ngaphandle kokudayela; kuyilapho i-SFU kufanele ishayelwe ikhompuyutha yomsebenzisi noma umakhalekhukhwini noma ngerutha yasekhaya.

(4) I-HGU ilula ekusebenzeni ngezinga elikhulu nokuphathwa kokulungisa.

I-HGU ivamise ukuza ne-WiFi futhi inembobo ye-USB.

2.3. Ama-SBU

I-SBU isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukufinyelela komsebenzisi we-FTTO, futhi ngokuvamile ine-interface ye-Ethernet, futhi amanye amamodeli ane-interface ye-E1, isixhumi esibonakalayo socingo lwasendlini, noma umsebenzi we-wifi. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-SFU ne-HGU, i-SBU inokusebenza okungcono kokuvikela ugesi nokuzinza okuphezulu, futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ezenzakalweni zangaphandle ezifana nokugadwa kwevidiyo.

3. Uhlobo lwe-ONU

I-ONU ihlukaniswe nge-MDU (Iyunithi Yezindawo Eziningi Zokuhlala, iyunithi ehlala abantu abaningi) kanye ne-MTU (Iyunithi Yabaqashi Abaningi, iyunithi yabaqashi abaningi).

I-MDU isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukufinyelela kubasebenzisi abaningi bezindawo zokuhlala ngaphansi kohlobo lohlelo lokusebenza lwe-FTTB, futhi ngokuvamile inezindawo zokusebenzelana eziseceleni okungenani ezi-4, ngokuvamile ezinokuxhumana okungu-8, 16, 24 FE noma FE+POTS (ucingo olungaguquki).

I-MTU isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukufinyelela kubasebenzisi bebhizinisi abaningi noma amatheminali amaningi ebhizinisini elifanayo esimweni se-FTTB. Ngaphezu kwesixhumi esibonakalayo se-Ethernet nesixhumi esibonakalayo socingo esingaguquki, singase sibe nesixhumi esibonakalayo se-E1; ukuma nokusebenza kwe-MTU ngokuvamile akufani naleyo ye-MDU. Umehluko, kodwa ukusebenza kokuvikela ugesi kungcono futhi ukuzinza kuphakeme. Ngokuthandwa kwe-FTTO, izimo zohlelo lwe-MTU ziya ziba zincane ngokuba zincane.

4. Isifinyezo

Ukufinyelela kwe-Broadband optical fiber kusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-PON. Uma uhlobo oluthile lwesisetshenziswa esiseceleni komsebenzisi singahlukaniswa, okokusebenza okuseceleni komsebenzisi kohlelo lwe-PON kungabizwa ngokuqoqekile ngokuthi i-ONU.

I-ONU, ONT, SFU, HGU…lawa madivayisi wonke achaza okokusebenza okuseceleni komsebenzisi ukufinyelela kwe-broadband kusuka kuma-engeli ahlukene, futhi ubudlelwano phakathi kwawo buboniswa esithombeni esingezansi.