Ukuqonda Amazinga Omkhakha Wokushintsha Kwenethiwekhi Yezimboni

Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kokuzenzakalela kwezimboni kanye nokukhiqizwa okuhlakaniphile, indima yokushintshwa kwenethiwekhi yezimboni iya ngokuya ibaluleka. Lawa madivaysi abalulekile ekuxhumeni izinhlobonhlobo zemishini nezinhlelo zezimboni futhi kufanele ahambisane nezindinganiso eziqinile zezimboni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka, ukuphepha nokusebenza ezindaweni ezinokhahlo. Ukuqonda lawa mazinga kubalulekile kubakhiqizi, abahlanganisi nabasebenzisi bokugcina ngokufanayo.

Amazinga Emboni Amakhulu Okushintsha Kwenethiwekhi Yezimboni
I-IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard:

Izinga le-IEEE 802.3 liwumgogodla wobuchwepheshe be-Ethernet futhi lichaza umthetho olandelwayo wokuxhumana ngezintambo kumanethiwekhi endawo (LANs). Ukushintsha kwenethiwekhi yezimboni kufanele kuhambisane naleli zinga ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana namanye amadivayisi namanethiwekhi e-Ethernet. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukwesekwa kwezivinini ezisuka ku-10 Mbps ziye ku-100 Gbps nangaphezulu.
I-IEC 61850 yokuzenzakalelayo kwesiteshi:

I-IEC 61850 indinganiso yomhlaba wonke yamanethiwekhi nezinhlelo zokuxhumana zesiteshi esincane. Amaswishi enethiwekhi yezimboni asetshenziswa kumandla nasezinsizeni kufanele ahambisane naleli zinga ukuze anike amandla ukuxhumana kwesikhathi sangempela, ukusebenzisana nokuhlanganiswa ngaphakathi kweziteshi ezincane. Iqinisekisa ukuthi amaswishi angakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zesivinini esikhulu, zokubambezeleka okuphansi ezidingekayo ekuzishintsheni kwesiteshi esingaphansi.
I-IEC 62443 Cybersecurity:

Ngokukhuphuka kwamadivayisi axhunyiwe kanye ne-Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), ukuphepha kwe-cybersecurity sekuyinto ehamba phambili. Izinga le-IEC 62443 libhekana nezindaba zokuphepha kwekhompuyutha ezinhlelweni ezishintshayo nezilawulayo zezimboni. Ukushintsha kwenethiwekhi yezimboni kufanele kufake izici eziqinile zokuphepha ezifana nokuqinisekisa, ukubethela, nokulawula ukufinyelela ukuze kuvikelwe izinsongo ze-inthanethi.
Ukuhlolwa kwemvelo kwe-IEC 60068:

Amaswishi enethiwekhi yezimboni ngokuvamile asebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu njengokushisa, umswakama, nokudlidliza. Izinga le-IEC 60068 lichaza izinqubo zokuhlola imvelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lawa madivayisi angakwazi ukumelana nezimo zezimboni ezinokhahlo. Ukuhambisana naleli zinga kuqinisekisa ukuthi iswishi iqinile futhi ithembekile ngaphansi kwezimo eziningi zokusebenza.
Izicelo zikaloliwe EN 50155:

Izinga le-EN 50155 likhuluma ngqo nezinto zikagesi ezisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zikaloliwe. Amaswishi enethiwekhi yezimboni asetshenziswa ezitimeleni nakwingqalasizinda yezitimela kufanele ahlangabezane naleli zinga ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuthembekile ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zemvelo kaloliwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukumelana nokushaqeka, ukudlidliza, ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokuphazamiseka kazibuthe kagesi.
Amazinga we-PoE (Amandla phezu kwe-Ethernet):

Amaswishi amaningi enethiwekhi yezimboni asekela i-Power over Ethernet (PoE), ewavumela ukuthi adlulise idatha namandla ngekhebula eyodwa. Ukuthobelana nezinga le-IEEE 802.3af/at/bt PoE kuqinisekisa ukuthi iswishi inganika amandla ngokuphephile nangempumelelo amadivayisi axhunyiwe njengamakhamera we-IP, izinzwa, nezindawo zokufinyelela okungenantambo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuphakelwa kwamandla okuhlukile.
Ukubaluleka kokunamathela ezindinganisweni zemboni
Ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zomkhakha kubalulekile ekushintsheni kwenethiwekhi yezimboni ngezizathu ezimbalwa:

Ukuthembeka: Ukuthobelana namazinga kuqinisekisa ukuthi amaswishi asebenza ngokwethembeka ngaphansi kwezimo eziningi zezimboni, okunciphisa ubungozi bokuhluleka kwenethiwekhi.
Ukusebenzisana: Amazinga aqinisekisa ukuthi amaswishi angakwazi ukuhlanganisa ngaphandle komthungo namanye amadivaysi namasistimu ukuze asebenze kahle nangempumelelo.
Ukuphepha: Ukuthobelana namazinga afana ne-IEC 62443 kusiza ukuvikela amanethiwekhi ezimboni ekusongelweni kwe-inthanethi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha nokusebenza kuvikelekile.
Impilo yesevisi ende: Amazinga afana ne-IEC 60068 aqinisekisa ukuthi amaswishi angakwazi ukumelana nezindawo ezinokhahlo, andise impilo yawo yesevisi futhi ehlise nezindleko zokulungisa.
Ukubheka Phambili: Ikusasa Lamazinga Okuxhumana Kwezimboni
Njengoba imboni iqhubeka nokwamukela ubuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu, obufana ne-5G, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye ne-edge computing, izindinganiso zokushintshwa kwenethiwekhi yezimboni zizoqhubeka nokuvela. Izindinganiso zesikhathi esizayo kungenzeka zigxile ekuthuthukisweni kokuphepha kwe-inthanethi, isivinini sedatha ephakeme kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla okuthuthukisiwe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamanethiwekhi ezimboni esizukulwane esilandelayo.

Ezinkampanini ezinethemba lokuhlala zincintisana emkhakheni wezimboni, kubalulekile ukuqonda la mazinga nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini yazo ihambisana nawo. Ngokunamathela kulawa mazinga embonini, abakhiqizi bangaqinisekisa ukuthi ukushintshwa kwenethiwekhi yezimboni zabo kuhlangabezana namazinga aphezulu kakhulu okusebenza, ukuphepha nokuthembeka, okushayela ikusasa lokuxhunywa kwezimboni.