Emhlabeni wokuxhumana, amaswishi namarutha adlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuxhumana okungenazihibe kanye nokuphathwa kwedatha okuphumelelayo. Kodwa-ke, imisebenzi yabo nezinhlelo zokusebenza ngokuvamile aziqondwa kahle. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukucacisa umehluko phakathi kwamaswishi enethiwekhi namarutha futhi sisize abasebenzisi basekhaya nabamabhizinisi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nengqalasizinda yabo yenethiwekhi.
Chaza amaswishi enethiwekhi namarutha
Ukushintsha kwenethiwekhi:
Iswishi yenethiwekhi iyidivayisi exhumanisa amadivaysi amaningi ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yendawo yendawo (LAN).
Isiza ukwabelana ngezinsiza ngokuvumela amadivayisi ukuthi axhumane.
Ukushintsha kusebenza kusendlalelo sesixhumanisi sedatha (Usendlalelo 2) semodeli ye-OSI, kusetshenziswa amakheli e-MAC ukudlulisela idatha endaweni efanele.
umzila:
Amarutha axhuma amanethiwekhi amaningi futhi aqondise amaphakethe phakathi kwawo.
Isekela ukuxhumana phakathi kwamanethiwekhi ahlukene, njengokuxhuma inethiwekhi yekhaya noma yasehhovisi ku-inthanethi.
Amarutha asebenza kusendlalelo senethiwekhi (Isendlalelo 3) semodeli ye-OSI futhi asebenzisa amakheli e-IP umzila idatha eya ezindaweni okuyiwa kuzo.
Umehluko Obalulekile Phakathi Kokushintsha kanye Nerutha
1. Umsebenzi nendima
Shintsha: Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuxhuma amadivayisi ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi eyodwa. Baqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwedatha okuphumelelayo nokuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi axhunyiwe njengamakhompyutha, amaphrinta namaseva.
Irutha: isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amanethiwekhi ahlukene. Baphatha ithrafikhi yedatha phakathi kwamanethiwekhi futhi baqondise idatha kusuka kunethiwekhi eyodwa kuya kwenye, njengenethiwekhi yasekhaya ukuya ku-inthanethi.
2. Ukudluliswa kwedatha
Shintsha: Isebenzisa ikheli le-MAC ukuze inqume lapho amaphakethe aya khona ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yendawo. Lokhu kuvumela amadivayisi ukuthi axhumane ngokuqondile ngaphandle kwesidingo somzila wesendlalelo senethiwekhi.
Irutha: Isebenzisa amakheli e-IP ukuze inqume indlela engcono kakhulu yedatha engahamba phakathi kwamanethiwekhi. Bahambisa idatha ngokususelwe kumakheli enethiwekhi, baqinisekisa ukuthi idatha ifika endaweni efanele, kungaba ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yendawo noma nge-inthanethi.
3. Ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi
Shintsha: Ama-VLAN amaningi (I-Virtual Local Area Networks) angadalwa ukuze ahlukanise ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi eyodwa. Lokhu kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokuphathwa.
Irutha: Ingakwazi ukuxhuma ama-VLAN ahlukene kanye nethrafikhi yomzila phakathi kwawo. Zibalulekile ekuxhumaneni kwe-inter-VLAN nokuxhuma izingxenye zenethiwekhi ezahlukene.
4. Ukuphepha kanye nokuphathwa kwethrafikhi
Ukushintsha: Inikeza izici zokuphepha eziyisisekelo ezifana nokuhlunga ikheli le-MAC nokuhlukaniswa kwe-VLAN. Nokho, azinikezi izindlela zokuphepha ezithuthukile.
Irutha: Ihlinzeka ngezici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe ezifaka i-firewall, usekelo lwe-VPN, kanye ne-NAT (Ukuhumusha Ikheli Lenethiwekhi). Lezi zici zivikela inethiwekhi ezinsongweni zangaphandle futhi zilawula ithrafikhi kahle kakhulu.
5. Izimo zokusetshenziswa ezijwayelekile
Ukushintsha: Kuhle kakhulu ekunwebeni inethiwekhi endaweni eyodwa. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa emahhovisi, ezindlini nasezikhungweni zedatha ukuxhuma amadivayisi nokuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okushelelayo.
Irutha: Ibalulekile ekuxhumeni amanethiwekhi amaningi kanye nokunikeza ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa ekhaya, ibhizinisi, kanye namanethiwekhi abahlinzeki besevisi ukuphatha ithrafikhi yedatha nokuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuphephile.
Izibonelo zokusebenzisa amaswishi namarutha
Inethiwekhi yasekhaya:
Shintsha: Ixhuma amadivayisi ahlukahlukene njengamakhompuyutha, ama-smart TV, namakhonsoli egeyimu ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yasekhaya. Qiniseka ukuthi wonke amadivayisi angakwazi ukuxhumana futhi abelane ngezisetshenziswa njengamaphrinta namadivayisi okugcina.
Irutha: Ixhuma inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya ku-inthanethi. Ilawula ithrafikhi yedatha phakathi kwenethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya kanye Nomhlinzeki Wesevisi yakho Ye-inthanethi (i-ISP), ihlinzeka ngezici ezifana noxhumo lwe-Wi-Fi, i-DHCP, nokuvikeleka ngezicishamlilo.
Inethiwekhi Yamabhizinisi Amancane:
Ukushintsha: ixhuma izinto zasehhovisi ezifana nama-PC, amaphrinta, amafoni we-IP, amaseva, njll. Thuthukisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi ngokulawula ithrafikhi yedatha ngaphakathi kwehhovisi.
Irutha: Ixhuma inethiwekhi yehhovisi ku-inthanethi namanye amanethiwekhi akude. Ihlinzeka ngezici zokuphepha ezifana ne-VPN ukuze uthole ukufinyelela okukude okuvikelekile nokuvikela ngohlelo lokuvikela ezinsongweni zenethiwekhi.
Inethiwekhi yebhizinisi:
Ukushintsha: Kusetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni kwenani elikhulu ukuze kuxhunywe amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zamadivayisi eminyangweni ehlukene noma phansi. Isekela izici ezithuthukile njengama-VLAN wokuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi kanye ne-QoS (Ikhwalithi Yesevisi) yokubeka phambili ithrafikhi ebalulekile.
Amarotha: Xhuma izindawo zamahhovisi ezihlukene nezikhungo zedatha ukuze uqinisekise ukuxhumana okuthembekile, okuvikelekile kuyo yonke inhlangano. Lawula amaphrothokholi omzila ayinkimbinkimbi futhi unikeze izici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe ukuze uvikele idatha ebucayi.
Ekuphetheni
Ukuqonda izindima nemisebenzi ehlukene yokushintshwa kwenethiwekhi namarutha kubalulekile ekwakheni inethiwekhi ephumelelayo, evikelekile. Ukushintsha kubalulekile ekuxhumaneni kwenethiwekhi yangaphakathi, kuyilapho amarutha abalulekile ekuxhumeni amanethiwekhi ahlukene nokuphatha ukuhamba kwedatha phakathi kwawo. Ngokusebenzisa amandla awo womabili amadivayisi, abasebenzisi bangakha izixazululo ezinamandla zenethiwekhi ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zabo zokuxhuma. Kwa-Todahike, sinikeza amaswishi asebenza kahle kakhulu namarutha ukuze akusize wakhe ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi ephelele yekhaya lakho noma ibhizinisi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-10-2024
