Emhlabeni we-Networking, ukushintshwa kanye nama-routers kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuxhumeka komthungo kanye nokuphathwa kwedatha okusebenzayo. Kodwa-ke, imisebenzi yabo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zivame ukungaqondakali. Lo mbhalo uhlose ukucacisa umehluko phakathi kokushintshwa kwenethiwekhi nama-routers futhi usize abasebenzisi basekhaya nabasebhizinisini benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nengqalasizinda yabo yenethiwekhi.
Chaza ukushintshwa kwenethiwekhi nama-routers
Shintsha inethiwekhi:
I-inkinobho yenethiwekhi iyithuluzi elixhumanisa amadivayisi amaningi ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yendawo (LAN).
Inika amandla ukwabelana ngezinsiza ngokuvumela amadivayisi ukuxhumana nomunye.
Ukushintshwa kusebenza engxenyeni yesixhumanisi sedatha (ungqimba 2) wemodeli ye-OSI, usebenzisa amakheli we-Mac ukuthumela idatha endaweni efanele.
I-router:
Ama-routers axhumeka amanethiwekhi amaningi namaphakethe aqondile phakathi kwawo.
Ixhasa ukuxhumana phakathi kwamanethiwekhi ahlukene, njengokuxhuma inethiwekhi yasekhaya noma yehhovisi kwi-Intanethi.
Ama-routers asebenza engxenyeni yenethiwekhi (ungqimba 3) wemodeli ye-OSI futhi asebenzise amakheli we-IP ukuze akwazi ukuya lapho uya khona.
Umehluko Osemqoka phakathi kokushintsha ne-router
1. Umsebenzi kanye nendima
Shintsha: Ngokuyinhloko esetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amadivayisi ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi eyodwa. Baqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwedatha okusebenzayo nokuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi axhunyiwe njengamakhompyutha, abaphrinta kanye namaseva.
I-router: isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amanethiwekhi ahlukene. Baphatha ithrafikhi yedatha phakathi kwamanethiwekhi kanye nemininingwane eqondile kusuka kunethiwekhi eyodwa kuya kwenye, njengenethiwekhi yasekhaya kwi-Intanethi.
2. Ukuhanjiswa kwedatha
Shintsha: Isebenzisa ikheli le-MAC ukunquma ukuphela kwamaphakethe ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yendawo. Lokhu kuvumela amadivayisi ukuxhumana ngqo nomunye ngaphandle kwesidingo sesifiso sesendlalelo senethiwekhi.
I-Router: Isebenzisa amakheli e-IP ukuthola indlela engcono kakhulu yedatha yokuhamba phakathi kwamanethiwekhi. Bayayithatha idatha esuselwa kumakheli enethiwekhi, baqinisekise ukuthi idatha ifinyelela lapho uya khona, kungaba ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yendawo noma nge-Intanethi.
3. Ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi
Shintsha: Ama-Vlans amaningi (amanethiwekhi endawo endawo) angadalelwa ukugawula ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi eyodwa. Lokhu kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokulawulwa.
I-Router: ingaxhuma ama-VLANS ahlukene kanye nomgwaqo wethrafikhi phakathi kwabo. Babalulekile ekuxhumaneni kwe-Inter-Vlan kanye nokuxhuma izingxenye ezihlukile zenethiwekhi.
4. Ukuphepha kanye nokuphathwa kwethrafikhi
Shintsha: Inikeza izici eziyisisekelo zokuphepha ezifana nokuhlunga kwekheli le-MAC ne-VLAN. Kodwa-ke, azinikezi izindlela zokuphepha ezithuthukile.
I-Router: Inikeza izici zokuphepha ezithuthukile kufaka phakathi i-firewall, ukusekelwa kwe-VPN, neNAT (ukuhumusha kwekheli lenethiwekhi). Lezi zici zivikela inethiwekhi kusuka ezinsonge zangaphandle futhi uphathe ithrafikhi kahle.
5. Amacala ajwayelekile okusebenzisa
Ukushintshwa: Kuhle ukwelula inethiwekhi endaweni eyodwa. Isetshenziswa kakhulu emahhovisi, amakhaya nezikhungo zedatha ukuxhuma amadivayisi futhi kuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okubushelelezi.
I-Router: Kubalulekile ekuxhumaneni namanethiwekhi amaningi nokunikeza ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekhaya, amabhizinisi, kanye namanethiwekhi ohlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ukuphatha ithrafikhi yedatha futhi aqinisekise ukuxhumana okuphephile.
Izibonelo zokusebenzisa ukushintshwa nama-routers
Inethiwekhi yasekhaya:
Shintsha: Ixhuma amadivayisi ahlukahlukene afana namakhompyutha, ama-Smart TV, kanye nokududuza komdlalo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yasekhaya. Qiniseka ukuthi wonke amadivaysi akwazi ukuxhumana futhi abelane ngezinsizakusebenza ezinjengabaphrinti namadivayisi okugcina.
I-Router: Ixhuma inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya kwi-Intanethi. Ilawula ithrafikhi yedatha phakathi kwenethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya kanye nomhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-Intanethi (ISP), ukuhlinzeka ngezici ezinjengokuxhuma kwe-Wi-Fi, i-DHCP, nokuphepha ngama-Firewall.
Inethiwekhi Yebhizinisi Elincane:
Shintsha: Ixhuma imishini yehhovisi njengama-PC, amaphrinta, amafoni, amaseva, njll. Khulisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi ngokulawula ithrafikhi yedatha ngaphakathi kwehhovisi.
I-Router: Ixhuma inethiwekhi yeHhovisi ku-Intanethi nakwamanye amanethiwekhi akude. Inikeza izici zezokuphepha ezifana ne-VPN yokufinyelela okukude okukude nokuvikelwa kwe-firewall ngokumelene nezinsongo zenethiwekhi.
Inethiwekhi Yezinhlangano:
Ukushintshwa: Kusetshenziswe ekusetshenzisweni okukhulu okulinganiselwe ukuxhuma amakhulukhulu noma izinkulungwane zamadivayisi eminyangweni noma emafulethini ahlukene. Isekela izici ezithuthukile ezifana nama-VLANS we-Network Segmentation ne-QoS (Ikhwalithi Yesevisi) yokubeka phambili ithrafikhi ebucayi.
Ama-routers: Xhuma izindawo ezihlukanisayo zehhovisi nezikhungo zedatha ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuthembekile, okuphephile kuyo yonke inhlangano. Phatha amaphrothokholi ahambisanayo okuhambisa futhi unikeze izici zokuphepha ezithuthukile ukuvikela idatha ebucayi.
Ekuphetheni
Ukuqonda izindima ezahlukahlukene nemisebenzi yokushintshwa kwenethiwekhi kanye nama-routers kubalulekile ekwakheni inethiwekhi esebenza kahle, evikelekile. Ukushintshwa kubalulekile ekuxhumaneni kwenethiwekhi yangaphakathi, ngenkathi ama-routers ebalulekile ekuxhumaneni namanethiwekhi ahlukile futhi aphathe ukuhamba kwedatha phakathi kwawo. Ngokufaka amandla amandla awo womabili amadivayisi, abasebenzisi bangadala izixazululo ezinamandla zokuxhumana ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zabo zokuxhumana. ETodahike, sinikezela ngezinguquko eziningi zokusebenza okuphezulu nama-routers ukukusiza wakhe ingqalasizinda ephelele yenethiwekhi yekhaya lakho noma ibhizinisi.
Isikhathi sePosi: Jul-10-2024
