Emhlabeni wobuchwepheshe bezinkuntwa, amadivaysi amabili ngokuvamile agqame: ukushintshwa kanye nama-routers. Ngenkathi amagama amabili ajwayele ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana, ukushintshwa kanye nama-routers adlala izindima ezihlukile kwingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi. Ukuqonda lokhu kwehluka kubalulekile kunoma ngubani ofuna ukwakha inethiwekhi ethembekile futhi ephumelelayo, kungaba sendaweni yasekhaya noma yebhizinisi.
Yini switch yenethiwekhi? I-Network Shintsha isebenza ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi eyodwa yendawo (LAN), ukuxhuma amadivayisi amaningi afana namakhompyutha, amaphrinta namafoni we-IP. Inesibopho sokuphatha ukuxhumana ngaphakathi kwale yenethiwekhi, okwenza amadivaysi akwazi ukwaba idatha ngomthungo. Ukushintshwa kusebenza engxenyeni yesixhumanisi sedatha (ungqimba 2) semodeli ye-OSI, usebenzisa amakheli eMac (Media Access Control) ukukhomba amadivayisi. Lokhu kuvumela ukushintshela ku-Direct Data kwindawo efanelekile ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi efanayo, ukugwema ukusebenza kwezimoto okungadingekile nokwanda. Ukushintshwa kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziphambili: ukushintshwa okungafanele - Ukushintshwa okuyisisekelo ngaphandle kwezinketho zokucushwa, ezilungele amanethiwekhi amancane adinga ukuxhumana okulula. Ukushintshwa okuphethwe - ukushintshwa okuthuthukile okuvumela ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso zenethiwekhi, kufaka phakathi ama-VLANS (amanethiwekhi wendawo yendawo), ikhwalithi yesevisi (QOS), nokubenza balungele amanethiwekhi ayinkimbinkimbi, anesidingo esikhulu. Yini i-router? Ishintsha ithrafikhi yedatha yokubamba ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi eyodwa, kanti ama-routers axhuma amanethiwekhi ahlukene ndawonye. Isibonelo, ekusethweni okujwayelekile kwasekhaya, i-router ixhumanisa inethiwekhi yendawo kwi-Intanethi, yenza njengesango phakathi kwe-LAN nezwe elibanzi. Ama-routers asebenza ku-under yenethiwekhi (ungqimba 3) wemodeli ye-OSI, esebenzisa amakheli we-IP kwidatha yomzila phakathi kwamanethiwekhi, enquma indlela engcono kakhulu yamaphakethe futhi uyiqondise ngokufanele. Ama-routers eza nezinto ezingeziwe ezinjenge-Firewalls, ukuhumusha kwekheli lenethiwekhi (NAT), futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukwesekwa kwe-VPN, okwenza babaluleke ngokuthola amanethiwekhi nokuphatha ukuxhumana kwangaphandle. Ekuhlelweni okukhulu, ama-routers asiza ukuxhuma amanethiwekhi amaningi, njengokuxhuma izindawo ezihlukile zehhovisi noma ukudala amanethiwekhi ahlukile ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo. Umehluko osemqoka phakathi kokushintshana nama-routers ake sihlole umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kokushintshana nama-routers: Ukusebenza kanye nesilinganiso senethiwekhi yendawo yokuhlala, ukuxhumanisa amadivaysi okuxhumana kwangaphakathi. Ama-routers: Xhuma amanethiwekhi amaningi (njenge-LAN kwi-Intanethi noma amanethiwekhi ahlukile ehhovisi), ukuphatha idatha yangaphandle neyangaphakathi. Ukuphathwa kwedatha: Ukushintshwa: Sebenzisa amakheli e-Mac ukukhomba idatha bese uyidlulisela kudivayisi efanelekile ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi efanayo. Ama-routers: Sebenzisa amakheli we-IP kwidatha yomzila phakathi kwamanethiwekhi, uqinisekise ukuthi idatha ifinyelela lapho uya khona ekugcineni, kungaba ngaphakathi noma yangaphandle. Izici zezokuphepha: Shintsha: Ngokuvamile kuhlinzeka ngokuphepha okuyisisekelo, kepha ukushintshwa okulawulwa kungafaka izici ezinjenge-Vlan Segmentation yokuvikelwa okungeziwe. I-Router: ihlinzeka ngezinga eliphakeme lokuphepha eline-firewall eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, i-NAT, futhi kwesinye isikhathi amakhono we-VPN, ukuvikela inethiwekhi ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe. Ukuxhumana Kwedivayisi: Shintsha: Ngokuyinhloko kuxhuma amadivayisi (njengamakhompyutha nama-printa) ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi efanayo, kusiza ukwaba idatha nokuxhumana. I-Router: Ixhuma amanethiwekhi ahlukene, izixhumanisi zokuxhumanisa kwi-Intanethi, futhi inika amandla amadivayisi ukufinyelela izinsiza zangaphandle. Amacala ajwayelekile okusetshenziswa: Shintsha: esetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni lapho ukuxhumana kwedivayisi yangaphakathi kubucayi, njengamahhovisi noma izikole. I-Router: Kubalulekile ekuxhumaneni namanethiwekhi endawo kwi-Intanethi noma ekuxhumaniseni izingxenye ezihlukile zenethiwekhi ngaphakathi kwebhizinisi elikhulu. Ngabe udinga bobabili? Ezimweni eziningi, inethiwekhi izohlomula ngokushintshana kanye ne-router. Emvelweni yasekhaya, i-router ejwayelekile ingafaka ukusebenza kokushintsha okwakhelwe ngaphakathi, ukuhlinzeka ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi kanye nokuxhumana kwedivayisi kuya kunethiwekhi efanayo. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni ezentengiselwano ezinamanethiwekhi amakhudlwana futhi ajwayelekile, ukushintshwa okuzinikezele kanye nama-routers asetshenziselwa ukwandisa ukusebenza nokulawula, ngokulandelana. Iziphetho nama-Routers ngamunye adlala indima eyingqayizivele kwingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi. Ukushintsha ukugxila ekuxhumaneni kwangaphakathi, ukudala izindlela ezisebenzayo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yendawo, kanti ama-routers anesibopho sokuxhuma amanethiwekhi ndawonye kanye nokuphatha ithrafikhi phakathi kwazo ne-Intanethi. Ngokuqonda lo mehluko, ungakha inethiwekhi ehlangabezana nezidingo zakho, ijubane lokulinganisa, ukuphepha, nokuxhuma. Njengoba inethiwekhi ifuna ukukhula ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, ukuba nenhlanganisela efanelekile yokushintshwa nama-routers kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okubushelelezi kubasebenzisi bamabhizinisi asekhaya namabhizinisi. Ngemishini efanele, uzoba nenethiwekhi ethembekile futhi enokalisiwe elungele ukufeza izimfuno zeminyaka yedijithali.
Isikhathi sePosi: Nov-15-2024
