Iphrothokholi yesihlahla esigawulayo, kwesinye isikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi isihlahla esisezingeni eliphakeme, iyi-waze noma ye-phuequest yamanethiwekhi wanamuhla we-Ethernet, eqondisa ithrafikhi ngendlela ephumelelayo esekelwe ezimweni zesikhathi sangempela.
Ngokusekelwe kwi-algorithm eyenziwe ngusosayensi we-american computer radium perlman ngenkathi isebenzela i-Digital Equipment Corporation (Dec) ngo-1985, inhloso eyinhloko yesihlahla ukuvikela izixhumanisi ezingafuneki kanye nokufakwa kwezindlela zokuxhumana ekuhlelweni kwenethiwekhi okuyinkimbinkimbi. Njengomsebenzi wesibili, isihlahla solwandle singahambisa amaphakethe azungeze izindawo eziyinkinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhumana kuyakwazi ukuveza amanethiwekhi abhekene nokuphazamiseka.
Spanning Tree topology vs ring topology
Lapho izinhlangano beziqala nje ukuhlanganisa amakhompyutha abo ngawo-1980s, okunye ukucushwa okuthandwa kakhulu kwakuyinethiwekhi yendandatho. Isibonelo, i-IBM yethule ubuchwepheshe bayo bendandatho ye-token ngo-1985.
Kwi-topology ye-Ring Network, i-node ngayinye ixhumeka nabanye ababili, eyodwa ehlala ngaphambi kwayo kwindandatho neyodwa eyakhiwe ngemuva kwayo. Amasiginali ahamba kuphela ezungeze indandatho ngendlela eyodwa, ephethe indawo ngayinye endleleni enikeza noma yiliphi ipakethe futhi wonke amaphakethe azulazula ezungeze indandatho.
Ngenkathi amanethiwekhi alula ama-ring asebenza kahle lapho kunamakhompiyutha ambalwa kuphela, amasongo angasebenzi kahle lapho amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zamadivayisi zingezwa kunethiwekhi. Ikhompyutha ingadinga ukuthumela amaphakethe ngamakhulu ama-node ukuze abelane ngolwazi nolunye uhlelo olulodwa egumbini eliseduze. I-bandwidth kanye nokuphambanisa nakho kube yinkinga lapho ithrafikhi ingageleza kuphela endaweni eyodwa, ngaphandle kohlelo lokusekelayo uma i-node endleleni iphukile noma ihlanganiswe ngokweqile.
Eminyakeni yama-90s, njengoba i-Ethernet enesivinini (100MBIT / SECT. Kwethulwa i-Ethernet ngo-1995) kanye nezindleko ze-Ethernet Indandatho yaphela ngokushesha.
Isebenza Kanjani I-Spaning Tree
I-Spanning Tree iphrothokholi yokudlulisa yamaphakethe wedatha. Iphoyisa elinye libe yingxenye yethrafikhi kanye nengxenye eyodwa yonjiniyela womphakathi wenethiwekhi yemigwaqo ehamba ngayo idatha. Ihlala engxenyeni engu-2
Umuthi ospanning usephenduke kangaka owukusebenzisa kwawo kuchazwa kuIEEE 802.1D Intengiso Yezingosi Zokuxhumana. Njengoba kuchaziwe kwiZinga, indlela eyodwa esebenzayo kuphela engaba khona phakathi kwanoma yiziphi iziteshi ezimbili noma iziteshi ukuze zisebenze kahle.
Umuthi we-Spanning yakhelwe ukuqeda ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kudluliselwe idatha phakathi kwezingxenye zenethiwekhi kuzobhekwa ku-loop. Ngokuvamile, izihibe zidida i-algorithm edluliselwe efakwe kumadivayisi wenethiwekhi, okwenza ukuthi insiza ingasakwazi ukuthi ukuthumela kuphi amaphakethe. Lokhu kungaholela ekuphindweni kwamafreyimu noma ukudluliselwa kwamaphakethe aphindwe kabili ezindaweni eziningi. Imilayezo ingaphindaphinda. Ezokuxhumana zingahlehlela emuva kumthumeli. Kungashayisana nenethiwekhi uma izingelosi eziningi kakhulu ziqala ukwenzeka, zidla umkhawulokudonsa ngaphandle kokuthola izinzuzo ezithandekayo ngenkathi zivimba amanye amathrafikhi angafakwanga ukuze adlule.
Iphrothokholi yesihlahla esigaxekileumisa izihibe ekwakheningokuvala konke kodwa indlela eyodwa okungenzeka ngepakethe ngalinye ledatha. Ukushintshwa kwenethiwekhi Sebenzisa isihlahla esigaxekile ukuchaza izindlela zezimpande namabhuloho lapho idatha ingahamba khona, futhi ivale izindlela eziphindayo eziphindwe kabili, ingasebenzi ngenkathi indlela eyinhloko iyatholakala.
Umphumela uba yileso sikhathi sokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi ukuhamba komthungo kungakhathalekile ukuthi inethiwekhi iyinkimbinkimbi noma enkulu kangakanani. Ngandlela thile, isihlahla solwandle sakha izindlela ezizodwa ngenethiwekhi yedatha yokuhamba zisebenzisa isoftware ngendlela efanayo nalapho onjiniyela benethiwekhi abasebenzisa khona i-Hardware kumanethiwekhi we-loop amadala.
Izinzuzo ezingezekile zesihlahla solwandle
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthatha isihlahla sisetshenzisiwe ukuqeda amathuba okuba umzila ongenayo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi. Kepha kunezinye izinzuzo futhi.
Ngoba isihlahla esigaxekile sihlala sifuna futhi sichaza ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zenethiwekhi ezitholakala ngamaphakethe wedatha ukuhamba ngokusebenzisa, kungathola uma ngabe i-node ihleli kwesinye salezo zindlela eziyisisekelo ikhutshaziwe. Lokhu kungenzeka ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene ezisukela ekuhlulekeni kwehadiwe ekucushweni kwenethiwekhi okusha. Kungaba nesimo sesikhashana ngokuya nge-bandwidth noma ezinye izinto.
Lapho isihlahla esigaxekile sibona ukuthi indlela eyinhloko ayisenzi matasa, ingavula enye indlela eyayivalwe ngaphambili. Ingathumela idatha ezungeze i-Chatlet Spot, ekugcineni ichaza ukuthontelana njengendlela entsha yokuqala, noma ukuthumela amaphakethe abuyele ebhulohweni lokuqala uma kutholakala futhi.
Ngenkathi isihlahla sasekuqaleni sokulula sasishesha ekwenzeni lezo zixhumanisi ezintsha njengoba zidingeka, ngo-2001 i-IEEE yethula iphrothokholi yesihlahla esisheshayo (RSTP). Kuphinde kwabizwa ngokuthi yinguqulo ka-802.1w ye-Protocol, i-RSTP yenzelwe ukuhlinzeka ngokusheshisa ngokushesha ukuphendula izinguquko zenethiwekhi, ukuphuma kwesikhashana noma ukwehluleka okusobala kwezakhi.
Futhi ngenkathi i-RSTP yethule indlela yokuziphatha emisha yendlela entsha kanye nezindima ze-Bridge Porles ukusheshisa inqubo, nayo yenzelwe ukuba ibe emuva emuva ihambisane nesihlahla sokuqala esisekuqaleni. Ngakho-ke kungenzeka amadivaysi anezinhlobo ze-protocol ukuze zisebenze ndawonye kunethiwekhi efanayo.
Ukushiyeka kwesihlahla solwandle
Ngenkathi isihlahla esigaxekile sesibe sibucayi eminyakeni eminingi elandela ukwethulwa kwayo, kukhona labo abaphikisana nokuthi yilokhoIsikhathi sesifikile. Iphutha elikhulu kunawo wonke lesihlahla se-spanning ukuthi livala izingodo ezingaba khona ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi ngokuvala izindlela ezingaba khona lapho idatha ingahamba khona. Kunoma iyiphi inethiwekhi enikeziwe usebenzisa isihlahla esigaxekile, cishe ama-40% ezindleleni zenethiwekhi ezingaba khona zivaliwe kwidatha.
Ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zokuxhumana, ezinjengalezo ezitholakala ngaphakathi kwezikhungo zedatha, amandla okutshala ngokushesha ukuze ahlangabezane nesidingo kubalulekile. Ngaphandle kwemikhawulo ebekwe ngesihlahla esigaxekile, izikhungo zedatha zingavula umkhawulokudonsa omningi ngaphandle kwesidingo se-hardware yenethiwekhi eyengeziwe. Lolu uhlobo lwesimo esidabukisayo, ngoba izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuxhumana ezingenziwa yingakho i-spanning Tree yadalwa. Futhi manje ukuvikeleka okunikezwe yi-protocol ngokumelene ne-looping kuyinto, ngendlela, ebambe lezo zindawo zibuyele emandleni abo aphelele.
Uhlobo olucwengekile lwe-protocol olubizwa nge-inceku-inceku-inceku (i-MSTP) lwenzelwe ukuqashwa ama-Virtual LANS futhi luvuse izindlela eziningi zenethiwekhi ukuthi zivule ngasikhathi sinye, ngenkathi zivimbela izihibe ekwakheni. Kepha ngisho ne-MSTP, izindlela ezimbalwa zedatha ezingaba khona zihlala zivaliwe kunoma iyiphi inethiwekhi enikeziwe esebenzisa umthetho olandelwayo.
Kube nemizamo eminingi engalinganiswanga, ezimele yokwenza ngcono imikhawulo ye-bandwidth yesihlahla somhlahlandlela ngokuhamba kweminyaka edlule. Ngenkathi abaklami babanye babo bathi impumelelo emizamweni yabo, iningi alihambelani ngokuphelele ne-protocol ebalulekile, izinhlangano ezisho ukuthi zisebenzisa izinguquko ezingekho emthethweni kuwo wonke amadivayisi abo noma zithole enye indlela yokubavumela ukuba kube khona ishintsha isebenza esihlahleni esijwayelekile sokuhamba. Ezimweni eziningi, izindleko zokugcina nokusekela ukunambitheka okuningi kwesihlahla sokuhamba ngezinyawo akufanele umzamo.
Ngabe ukuhamba kwesihlahla kuzoqhubeka esikhathini esizayo?
Ngaphandle kokulinganiselwa ku-bandwidth ngenxa yezindlela zokuvala izihlahla zokuvala izihlahla, awukho umcabango omningi noma umzamo wokufakwa esikhundleni sephrothokholi. Yize iiveee ngezikhathi ezithile ikhipha izibuyekezo zokuzama futhi ikwenze isebenze kahle, zihlala zibuyela emuva zihambisana nezinhlobo ezikhona ze-protocol.
Ngomqondo othile, isihlahla esigadli silandela umthetho wokuthi "uma kungephuliwe, ungakulungili." Isihlahla solwandle sigijimela ngokuzimela ngemuva kwamanethiwekhi amaningi okugcina ukugeleza kwethrafikhi, ukuvimbela ukuhamba kwezimoto ezindaweni zokuphamba ukuze abasebenzisi bezinkinga ukuze bakwazi ukubhekana nokuphazamiseka okwesikhashana njengengxenye yosuku lwabo imisebenzi yosuku. Ngaleso sikhathi, e-Backend, abaphathi bangangeza amadivaysi amasha kumanethiwekhi abo angenayo umcabango omningi ukuthi bazokwazi ukuxhumana nalo lonke inethiwekhi noma umhlaba wangaphandle.
Ngenxa yakho konke lokho, kungenzeka ukuthi ukulala isihlahla kuzosala iminyaka eminingi ukuza. Kungahle kube nezibuyekezo ezincane ngezikhathi ezithile, kepha iphrothokholi yesihlahla esiyisisekelo kanye nazo zonke izici ezibucayi ezenzayo mhlawumbe zilapha ukuze zihlale.
Isikhathi sePosi: Nov-07-2023
