Ucwaningo Ngezinkinga Zekhwalithi Yenethiwekhi Yangaphakathi Ye-Broadband Yasekhaya

Ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yocwaningo nesipiliyoni sokuthuthuka kumishini ye-inthanethi, sixoxe ngobuchwepheshe nezixazululo zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yenethiwekhi yasendlini ebanzi.Okokuqala, ihlaziya isimo samanje sekhwalithi yenethiwekhi yasendlini ye-broadband, futhi ifingqa izici ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne-fiber optics, amasango, amarutha, i-Wi-Fi, kanye nokusebenza komsebenzisi okubangela izinkinga zekhwalithi yenethiwekhi yasendlini ye-broadband yangaphakathi.Okwesibili, kuzokwethulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuhlanganisa inethiwekhi yasendlini emakwe yi-Wi-Fi 6 kanye ne-FTTR (Fiber To The Room).

1. Ukuhlaziywa kwezinkinga zekhwalithi yenethiwekhi yangaphakathi ye-broadband yasekhaya

Enqubweni ye-FTTH(i-fiber-to-home), ngenxa yethonya lebanga lokudlulisa amehlo, ukuhlukaniswa okubonakalayo nokulahlekelwa kwedivayisi yokuxhumeka, nokugoba kwe-fiber optical, amandla okubona atholwe isango angase abe phansi futhi izinga lephutha elincane ibe phezulu, okuholela ekwenyukeni kwezinga lokulahleka kwephakethe lokudluliswa kwesevisi yongqimba olungaphezulu., izinga liyehla.

Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kwezingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha zamasango amadala ngokuvamile kuphansi, futhi izinkinga ezifana ne-CPU ephezulu nokusetshenziswa kwenkumbulo nokushisisa ngokweqile kwezinto zokusebenza kuthambekele ekuqaliseni kabusha okungavamile kanye nokuphahlazeka kweminyango.Amasango amadala ngokuvamile awasekeli isivinini senethiwekhi ye-gigabit, futhi amanye amasango amadala nawo anezinkinga ezifana nama-chips aphelelwe yisikhathi, okuholela esikhaleni esikhulu phakathi kwenani langempela lesivinini soxhumo lwenethiwekhi kanye nenani lethiyori, eliphinde libeke imingcele ithuba lokuthuthukisa ulwazi oluku-inthanethi lomsebenzisi.Njengamanje, amasango amadala asekhaya ahlakaniphile asesetshenziswe iminyaka emi-3 noma ngaphezulu kunethiwekhi ebukhoma asathatha ingxenye ethile futhi adinga ukushintshwa.

Ibhendi yefrikhwensi engu-2.4GHz yibhendi yefrikhwensi ye-ISM (Industrial-Scientific-Medical).Isetshenziswa njengebhendi yefrikhwensi evamile yeziteshi zomsakazo ezifana nenethiwekhi yendawo engenantambo, isistimu yokufinyelela okungenantambo, isistimu ye-Bluetooth, i-point-to-point noma i-point-to-multipoint spread spectrum communication system, enezinsiza ezimbalwa zefrikhwensi kanye nomkhawulokudonsa olinganiselwe.Okwamanje, kusenengxenye ethile yamasango asekela ibhendi yefrikhwensi ye-2.4GHz Wi-Fi kunethiwekhi ekhona, futhi inkinga yokuphazanyiswa kwe-co-frequency/edacent frequency igqame kakhulu.

Ngenxa yeziphazamisi zesofthiwe nokusebenza okunganele kwezingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha kwamanye amasango, ukuxhumeka kwe-PPPoE kuvame ukwehliswa futhi amasango avame ukuqaliswa kabusha, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni okuvamile kokufinyelela ku-inthanethi kubasebenzisi.Ngemuva kokuthi ukuxhumeka kwe-PPPoE kuphazanyiswe kancane (isibonelo, isixhumanisi sokudlulisa i-uplink siphazamisekile), umkhiqizi wesango ngalinye unamazinga okusebenzisa angahambisani okutholwa kwembobo ye-WAN nokwenza kabusha ukudayela kwe-PPPoE.Amasango abakhiqizi abathile athola kanye njalo kumasekhondi angu-20, futhi aphinde adale kabusha kuphela ngemva kokutholwa okuhlulekile okungu-30.Ngenxa yalokho, kuthatha imizuzu eyi-10 ukuthi isango liqalise ngokuzenzakalelayo ukudlala kabusha kwe-PPPoE ngemva kokuphuma ungaxhumekile ku-inthanethi ungenzi lutho, okuthinta kabi ulwazi lomsebenzisi.

Amasango asekhaya abasebenzisi abengeziwe alungiswa ngamarutha (ngemuva kwalokhu azobizwa “njengamarutha”).Kula marutha, ambalwa asekela kuphela izimbobo ezingu-100M WAN, noma (futhi) asekela kuphela i-Wi-Fi 4 (802.11b/g/n).

Amanye amarutha abakhiqizi asesenechweba elilodwa kuphela le-WAN noma iphrothokholi ye-Wi-Fi esekela isivinini senethiwekhi ye-Gigabit, futhi abe amarutha “angelona iqiniso e-Gigabit”.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-router ixhunywe esangweni ngentambo yenethiwekhi, futhi ikhebula lenethiwekhi elisetshenziswa abasebenzisi ngokuyisisekelo liyikhebula lesigaba 5 noma i-super category 5, elinempilo emfushane nekhono elibuthakathaka lokulwa nokuphazamiseka, futhi iningi lazo kuphela. ukusekela 100M isivinini.Awekho amarutha ashiwo ngenhla nezintambo zenethiwekhi ezingahlangabezana nezidingo zokuvela kwamanethiwekhi alandelayo e-gigabit kanye ne-super-gigabit.Amanye amarutha aqala kabusha njalo ngenxa yezinkinga zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, okuthinta kabi ulwazi lomsebenzisi.

I-Wi-Fi iyindlela eyinhloko yokumboza okungenantambo yasendlini, kodwa amasango amaningi asekhaya abekwe emabhokisini amanje abuthakathaka emnyango wabasebenzisi.Kukhawulelwe indawo yebhokisi lamanje elibuthakathaka, okokusebenza kwekhava, nohlobo lwendlu oluyinkimbinkimbi, isignali ye-Wi-Fi ayanele ukumboza zonke izindawo zasendlini.Uma idivayisi yetheminali isuka kude nendawo yokufinyelela ye-Wi-Fi, kuba nezithiyo ezengeziwe, nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwamandla esignali, okungase kuholele ekuxhumekeni okungazinzile nokulahlekelwa kwephakethe ledatha.

Endabeni yokuxhumana kwangaphakathi kwamadivayisi e-Wi-Fi amaningi, izinkinga zokuphazanyiswa kwemvamisa efanayo neziteshi eziseduze zivame ukwenzeka ngenxa yezilungiselelo zesiteshi ezingenangqondo, okuqhubeka kwehlisa izinga le-Wi-Fi.

Lapho abanye abasebenzisi bexhuma irutha esangweni, ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuhlangenwe nakho kochwepheshe, bangase baxhume umzila embobeni yenethiwekhi engeyona ye-gigabit yesango, noma bangase bangayixhumi ngokuqinile ikhebula lenethiwekhi, okuholela ezimbobeni zenethiwekhi ezixegayo.Kulezi zimo, ngisho noma umsebenzisi ebhalisela isevisi ye-gigabit noma esebenzisa i-router ye-gigabit, akakwazi ukuthola izinsizakalo ezizinzile ze-gigabit, ezibuye zilethe izinselele ku-opharetha ukubhekana namaphutha.

Abanye abasebenzisi banamadivayisi amaningi kakhulu axhunywe ku-Wi-Fi ezindlini zabo (ngaphezu kuka-20) noma izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zilanda amafayela ngesivinini esikhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa, okuzophinda kubangele ukungqubuzana okukhulu kwesiteshi se-Wi-Fi nokuxhumeka kwe-Wi-Fi okungazinzile.

Abanye abasebenzisi basebenzisa amatheminali amadala asekela kuphela ibhendi yefrikhwensi ye-Wi-Fi 2.4GHz noma amaphrothokholi amadala we-Wi-Fi, ngakho-ke ngeke bakwazi ukuthola ulwazi lwe-inthanethi oluzinzile futhi olusheshayo.

2. Ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yenethiwekhi yasendlini

I-high-bandwidth, izinsiza zokulinda kancane ezifana nevidiyo ye-4K/8K ephezulu-definition, i-AR/VR, imfundo ye-inthanethi, nehhovisi lasekhaya kancane kancane ziba izidingo eziqinile zabasebenzisi basekhaya.Lokhu kubeka phambili izidingo eziphezulu kwikhwalithi yenethiwekhi ye-broadband yasekhaya, ikakhulukazi ikhwalithi yenethiwekhi yasendlini ye-broadband yasendlini.Inethiwekhi yasendlini ye-broadband ekhona esekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-FTTH (Fiber To The House, fibre to the home) kube nzima ukuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo ezingenhla.Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe be-Wi-Fi 6 kanye ne-FTTR bungahlangabezana kangcono nezimfuneko zesevisi ezingenhla futhi kufanele zisetshenziswe ngezinga elikhulu ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

I-Wi-Fi 6

Ngo-2019, i-Wi-Fi Alliance yaqamba ubuchwepheshe be-802.11ax Wi-Fi 6, futhi yaqamba ubuchwepheshe bangaphambilini be-802.11ax no-802.11n i-Wi-Fi 5 ne-Wi-Fi 4 ngokulandelanayo.

I-Wi-Fi 6 yethula i-OFDMA (i-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, i-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access), i-MU-MIMO (I-Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, ubuchwepheshe bokuphuma okuningi kwabasebenzisi bokufaka okuningi), 1024QAM (I-Quadrature Amplitude Ukushintshashintsha kwe-Modulation , i-quadrature amplitude modude) nobunye ubuchwepheshe obusha, izinga lokulanda eliphezulu lethiyori lingafinyelela ku-9.6Gbit/s.Uma iqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kakhulu be-Wi-Fi 4 kanye ne-Wi-Fi 5 embonini, inezinga eliphezulu lokudlulisela, amandla amakhulu okusebenzisa imali, ukubambezeleka okuphansi kwesevisi, ukumbozwa okubanzi namandla amancane okugcina.ukusetshenziswa.

Ubuchwepheshe be-FTTR

I-FTTR ibhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwamasango abona konke kanye namadivayisi amancane ezindlini ngesisekelo se-FTTH, kanye nokugcwaliseka kokufakwa kokuxhumana kwe-optical fiber emakamelweni abasebenzisi ngobuchwepheshe be-PON.

Isango elikhulu le-FTTR liwumgogodla wenethiwekhi ye-FTTR.Ixhunywe phezulu ku-OLT ukuze inikeze i-fiber-to-the-home, naphansi ukuze inikeze izimbobo zokubona ukuze kuxhunywe amasango ezigqila e-FTTR amaningi.Isango lezigqila le-FTTR lixhumana nemishini yetheminali ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana kwe-Wi-Fi ne-Ethernet, lihlinzeka ngomsebenzi wokuhlanganisa ukuze lidlulisele idatha yesisetshenziswa setheminali esangweni elikhulu, futhi lamukela ukuphathwa nokulawulwa kwesango elikhulu le-FTTR.Inethiwekhi ye-FTTR iboniswa esithombeni.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zendabuko ezifana nenethiwekhi yamakhebula enethiwekhi, ulayini wamandla kagesi, nenethiwekhi engenantambo, amanethiwekhi e-FTTR anezinzuzo ezilandelayo.

Okokuqala, imishini yokuxhumana inokusebenza okungcono kanye nomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu.Uxhumano lwefiber optical phakathi kwesango eliyinhloko kanye nesango lesigqila linganweba ngempela umkhawulokudonsa wegigabit kuwo wonke amagumbi omsebenzisi, futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yenethiwekhi yasekhaya yomsebenzisi kuzo zonke izici.Inethiwekhi ye-FTTR inezinzuzo eziningi kumkhawulokudonsa wokudlulisela kanye nokuzinza.

Okwesibili ukumbozwa kwe-Wi-Fi okungcono kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu.I-Wi-Fi 6 iwukucushwa okujwayelekile kwamasango e-FTTR, futhi kokubili isango eliyinhloko kanye nesango lesigqila lingahlinzeka ngoxhumo lwe-Wi-Fi, lithuthukise ngempumelelo ukuzinza kwenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi namandla okumboza isignali.

Izinga le-intranethi yenethiwekhi yasekhaya lithintwa izici ezifana nesakhiwo senethiwekhi yasekhaya, okokusebenza komsebenzisi, namatheminali abasebenzisi.Ngakho-ke, ukuthola nokuthola izinga eliphansi lenethiwekhi yasekhaya kuyinkinga enzima kunethiwekhi ebukhoma.Inkampani ngayinye yezokuxhumana noma umhlinzeki wesevisi yenethiwekhi ibeka phambili isixazululo sayo ngokulandelana.Isibonelo, izixazululo zobuchwepheshe zokuhlola ikhwalithi ye-intranethi yenethiwekhi yasekhaya kanye nokuthola ikhwalithi embi;qhubeka nokuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwedatha enkulu kanye nobuchwepheshe bobuhlakani bokwenziwa emkhakheni wokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamanethiwekhi asendlini e-broadband;khuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwe-FTTR kanye ne-Wi-Fi 6 ubuchwepheshe bekhwalithi yenethiwekhi ebanzi nokunye.